https:\/\/www.reviewofophthalmology.com\/article\/3500-years-of-artificial-tears<\/a><\/p>\n+ Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t:<\/h2>\n
** Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i ra \u0111i\u201d tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi\u201d. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Collyrium, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1eeda m\u1eaft\u201d. L\u1ecd th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0u xanh cobalt tr\u1ee9 danh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi n\u1eafp h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i c\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u201cm\u1eaft \u1ed5n\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u1ecfi m\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o m\u1eaft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u1edf n\u1eafp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
** Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 m\u1eaft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i Natri Clorid trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Benzalkonium Clorid. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d n\u00e0y ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1ng qua v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Th\u1ee9 Hai:<\/h2>\n
** M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c polyme t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t methylcellulose) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c polyme t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, carbopol, polyguar v\u00e0 HP guar) th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c polyme n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao h\u01a1n n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ngay nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 Systane (Alcon) v\u00e0 Refresh Optive (Allergan). Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ecd d\u1ea1ng gel n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn m\u1edd tho\u00e1ng qua. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c hay b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Th\u1ee9 Ba:<\/h2>\n
** Acid hyaluronic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4 m\u1eaft. Acid n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t polysaccharide \u1edf c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, acid n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong bu\u1ed3ng d\u1ecbch k\u00edch, v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y d\u1ecbch \u2013 ph\u1ea7n bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 Blink Tears (Abbott) c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n acid hyaluronic. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt-\u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a polysaccharide \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4 m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n
** Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u2013 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a acid hyaluronic r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a acid hyaluronic kh\u00e1c nhau. Acid hyaluronic m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o cho \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u2013 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi acid hyaluronic nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra acid hyaluronic \u201cli\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o\u201d li\u1ec1u 3 l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u1edf m\u1eaft ch\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4 m\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1eefa so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecf v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 m\u1eaft cho th\u1ea5y natri hyaluronat 0.3% cho th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1eaft l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 carboxymethylcellulose v\u00e0 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0:<\/h2>\n
** Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lipid trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t, nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nano d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u1edf m\u00e0ng phim n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00ean l\u1edbp lipid c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sinh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00e2n lipid ho\u1eb7c tan k\u00e9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
** Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf theo d\u1ea1ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00c2m. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Soothe XP (Bausch&Lomb) v\u00e0 Systane Balance (Alcon). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Retaine (Ocusoft) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nano d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i m\u1eaft, nh\u1edd v\u1eady l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phim n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c.
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a 4 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua t\u1eebng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 100% lo\u1ea1i sau s\u1ebd \u201ct\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau, ad s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c Chuy\u00ean Khoa M\u1eaft HD H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 4 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3m \u01a1n qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i v\u00e0 mong nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\nTh\u1ea1c s\u0129 – D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
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