{"id":5114,"date":"2019-03-20T15:41:13","date_gmt":"2019-03-20T08:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vnras.com\/drug\/?p=5114"},"modified":"2019-03-29T17:10:27","modified_gmt":"2019-03-29T10:10:27","slug":"benh-soi-dang-lo-nhat-la-bien-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/benh-soi-dang-lo-nhat-la-bien-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh S\u1edfi – \u0110\u00e1ng Lo Nh\u1ea5t L\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ee9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao s\u1edfi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng lo nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u k\u1ebbo c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

S\u1edfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh do virus g\u00e2y ra. Virus s\u1edfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i Morbillivirus c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Paramyxoviridae. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong y v\u0103n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Rhazes m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3 s\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y. Virus s\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft x\u00ec l\u00fac \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u1eafn v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng li ti ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y virus s\u1edfi treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. Virus s\u1edfi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 2 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 2 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1edfi ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft x\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1edfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 90%. Virus s\u1edfi sinh s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u1ed5i ban do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 4 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ebfn 4 ng\u00e0y sau khi n\u1ed5i ban.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1edfi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1t cao. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 ng\u00e0y sau khi virus x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea3y m\u0169i, ho, \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng n\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong m\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t Koplik.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ban s\u1edfi s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf v\u00f9ng sau tai, lan ra m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed5. Trong v\u00f2ng 3 ng\u00e0y k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd lan xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tay v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n. Ban s\u1edfi s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong v\u00f2ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edd d\u1ea7n. Trung b\u00ecnh ban s\u1edfi s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 14 ng\u00e0y sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi virus, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 7 ng\u00e0y sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn 18 ng\u00e0y sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao b\u00e1c s\u0129 Dung n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh s\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1ng lo nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n virus s\u1edfi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft v\u00ec h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb n\u00f3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c khi ch\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady virus s\u1edfi kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn \u0103n h\u00f9a theo n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai?<\/p>\n

Hihi, th\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eefa sau m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp hen. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i l\u1ea1i \u0103n \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c oan u\u1ed5ng l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

L\u01afU \u00dd: Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i th\u00ec th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 x\u00e1 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u, hoa m\u1eaft, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m b\u1edbt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch anh th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn hay l\u00e0m.
\n*****<\/p>\n

Trong k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u01a1 qua v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00e1ch l\u00e2y c\u1ee7a s\u1edfi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, s\u1edfi nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t chi\u00eau \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nghe virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t m\u0169i anh b\u1ea1n virus s\u1edfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn h\u00ecnh b\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Virus s\u1edfi c\u00f3 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u bao b\u1ecdc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 RNA \u1edf b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tua n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng virus kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i protein: H (Haemagglutinin) v\u00e0 F (Fusion). Hai protein n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap virus s\u1edfi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a k\u00fd ch\u1ee7. Ngo\u00e0i ra, protein H n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i virus s\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed protein n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1, c\u00e1c protein h\u1eefu c\u01a1, hormon, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh. S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c enzyme c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a protein \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n tin trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng\/thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Quay l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n virus s\u1edfi. Khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a k\u00fd ch\u1ee7, protein H \u1edf m\u00e0ng virus s\u1ebd g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o k\u00fd ch\u1ee7. S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a protein H v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t protein F \u1edf c\u1ea1nh b\u00ean. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a virus h\u00f2a l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o k\u00fd ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong virus sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi b\u1ecf l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec t\u1ef1 do tung t\u0103ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i b\u00ean trong b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i h\u00f2a l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1edf b\u00ean trong b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c protein c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f2a m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0m cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111a nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft \u0111i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c RNA c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i. C\u00e1c RNA n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i \u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c protein. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c RNA polymerase.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1edb h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c RNA l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nucleotide n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i nucleotide bao g\u1ed3m G, U, A v\u00e0 C. C\u00f2n RNA polymerase l\u00e0 c\u00e1c enzyme c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201cd\u1ecbch\u201d chu\u1ed7i RNA \u00e2m th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i RNA d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nucleotide G \u1edf chu\u1ed7i \u00e2m th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eafn nucleotide C v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nucleotide A \u1edf chu\u1ed7i \u00e2m th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eafn nucleotide U v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c protein c\u1ee7a virus. C\u1ee9 3 nucleotide s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t codon v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t codon s\u1ebd m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i acid amin tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i polypeptide c\u1ee7a protein.<\/p>\n

Sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c protein thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p xong, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t virus s\u1edfi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed3i ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o k\u00fd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0103n c\u1eafp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng virus copy nguy\u00ean b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o k\u00fd ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm cho ra lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi protein H c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 CD46. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 protein c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u. Khi virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, protein H b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi CD46. C\u00e1c virus s\u1edfi c\u00f3 trong vaccine c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi CD46.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus s\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1edbi CD46 cho l\u1eafm. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho B thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed CD46 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd nghi ng\u1edd nh\u1eefng virus s\u1edfi trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed CD150 (hay SLAMF1). SLAMF1 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cSignaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family member 1\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 1 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t lympho b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn 2 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd SLAM n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

CD150 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho B v\u00e0 T \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tua. M\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.
\nC\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tua c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft gi\u1eef c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean. Kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ch\u00fang \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c lympho b\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o B v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T thu\u1ed9c chung m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lympho b\u00e0o. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T v\u00e0 B th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i lympho b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o NK (natural killer \u2013 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. T l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Thymus (tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c) c\u00f2n B l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Bone marrow (t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T l\u1eabn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o B \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o T ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o B ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh cho mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tua.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. C\u00f2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (helper T cell) v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111\u1ed9c (cytotoxic T cell) . Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ra cytokine \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o B. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i enzyme r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1ea1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Sau khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o B tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1edb. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1edb t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n sau n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Quay l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 CD150 c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y CD150 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1edb lympho T nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho T non do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1edb lympho T d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb virus s\u1edfi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1edb lympho T l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean r\u1ed3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ghi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho T non l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi virus s\u1edfi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1edb lympho T n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 format l\u1ea1i \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1eady. H\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 trong tr\u1eafng tinh t\u01b0\u01a1m do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed3i ngon c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus s\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 virus s\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 2 n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, v\u00ec virus s\u1edfi sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean trong b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1edfi th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lympho b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (kho\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 th\u00e1ng) r\u1ed3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m. L\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi virus s\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau. Khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, virus s\u1edfi g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f2a m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi virus s\u1edfi b\u1ecb qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho non, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi c\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb virus s\u1edfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i s\u1edfi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy r\u1eb1ng CD150 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng virus s\u1edfi l\u1ea1i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, h\u1ea7u, h\u1ecdng, th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, mi\u1ec7ng, gan, ru\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 b\u00e0ng quang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi protein H c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 ba n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nectin-4 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nectin-4 n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi virus s\u1edfi th\u00ec nectin-4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf ph\u1ed5i, v\u00fa, v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, virus s\u1edfi tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 nectin-4.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c v\u1ea1n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng chinh c\u1ee7a virus s\u1edfi trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau. Sau khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p do ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e0m li ti trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, virus s\u1edfi b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tua, c\u00e1c lympho b\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o ph\u1ebf nang trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p b\u1eaft gi\u1eef. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ch\u1edf \u0111i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho T v\u00e0 lympho B n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho virus sinh s\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, mang virus \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nectin-4. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1edfi lan tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 quan tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, th\u1eadn, gan, da, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan lympho bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e1ch, tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

===<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n

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Griffin D. E. (2016). The Immune Response in Measles: Virus Control, Clearance and Protective Immunity. Viruses, 8(10), 282. doi:10.3390\/v8100282<\/p>\n

Griffin, D. E., Lin, W. H., & Pan, C. H. (2012). Measles virus, immune control, and persistence. FEMS microbiology reviews, 36(3), 649-62.<\/p>\n

Laksono, B. M., de Vries, R. D., McQuaid, S., Duprex, W. P., & de Swart, R. L. (2016). Measles Virus Host Invasion and Pathogenesis. Viruses, 8(8), 210. doi:10.3390\/v8080210<\/p>\n

Moss, W. (2017). Measles. The Lancet, 390(10111), 2490-2502.<\/p>\n

Rubins JB. (Jan 15, 2003). Alveolar macrophages: wielding the double-edged sword of inflammation. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb:\u00a0 https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1164\/rccm.2210007<\/a><\/p>\n

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Walter A. Orenstein, Robert T. Perry, Neal A. Halsey; The Clinical Significance of Measles: A Review, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 189, Issue Supplement_1, 1 May 2004, Pages S4\u2013S16,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/377712<\/a><\/p>\n

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