{"id":4931,"date":"2019-03-18T16:21:51","date_gmt":"2019-03-18T09:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vnras.com\/drug\/?p=4931"},"modified":"2023-09-07T07:24:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T00:24:03","slug":"te-nan-anti-vaccine-va-benh-uon-van","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/te-nan-anti-vaccine-va-benh-uon-van\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n anti Vaccine v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n nghe c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n antivax b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 vaccine ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00f4ng. D\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 theo \u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec sao? Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u Phi? Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea ngh\u00e8o \u1edf VN? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y? Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee1 ch\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng? Sau khi r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta ng\u01b0ng ti\u00eam vaccine v\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i th\u00eam lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh theo phong tr\u00e0o sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon c\u1ee7a u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u1edb c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh Nguyen Binh b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n ch\u1eefa d\u1ec5 \u1ee3t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbt t\u01b0\u01a1ng tamarin l\u00ean v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 xong. B\u1edfi v\u1eady cho n\u00ean h\u00f4m nay m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i s\u01a1 s\u01a1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n l\u00e0 Clostridium tetani (hay C. tetani). Ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u oxy. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd r\u00fat l\u1ea1i ng\u1ee7 b\u00ean trong b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda l\u1eabn kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng gia d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec C. tetani sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu oxy n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

U\u1ed1n v\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. C. tetani \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 tetanospasmin lan sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 xung quanh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, tetanospasmin \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e1u, h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh qua \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p nhau gi\u1eefa neuron th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i c\u01a1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng theo c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch GABA v\u00e0 glycine, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u1ed1ng co c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi hai nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau. Khi nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 n\u00e0y co th\u00ec nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 kia d\u00e3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n du\u1ed7i tay, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 \u1edf m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng c\u00e1nh tay co l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o c\u1eb3ng tay ra ngo\u00e0i trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1nh tay s\u1ebd d\u00e3n ra. Khi b\u1ea1n co tay th\u00ec ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 n\u00e0y co c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu d\u00e3n h\u1ebft th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra? To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1edd, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n co c\u01a1 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00e3y c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ed5 co qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong do u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng nh\u1ecbp tim, t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, s\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng tim.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cth\u00e1o\u201d tetanospasmin ra m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c neuron th\u1ea7n kinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tetanospamin l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Tetanospamin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 175 nanogram (1 nanogram b\u1eb1ng 1\/1 t\u1ef7 gram) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng 70kg.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfu l\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd qua kh\u1ecfi sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n gian. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n antivax \u0111ang h\u00f4 h\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng vaccine u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (H\u00ecnh 1). C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u01a1n th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho tr\u00f3t. M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n ng\u1ef1a \u1edf Tp.HCM \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh d\u1ecbt tamarin l\u00ean v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ra sao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tamarin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e1u, leo v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i trung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tetanospamin n\u1eefa. M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tamarin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 v\u1eady th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00e2y t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ta?<\/p>\n

M\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 h\u00fa h\u1ed3n c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea9n xem ta n\u00ean d\u1ecbt tamarin v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/h2>\n

H\u00ecnh 2: n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00e3n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 3: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111ang \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00ec co c\u01a1 do u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n<\/p>\n

\"b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 4: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 m\u1edbi v\u1eeba sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n n\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 5: t\u01b0 th\u1ebf opisthotonos (u\u1ed1n cong \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ed5, c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng) \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

Nghe \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 nhai g\u1ea1o l\u1ee9t mu\u1ed1i v\u1eebng cho nhuy\u1ec5n r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng sonde d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1ea1.<\/p>\n

CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH:<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb 2 trang sau:<\/p>\n

1) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tetanus\/about\/photos.html<\/p>\n

Tetanospasmin and Tetanus: The Second Deadliest Toxin<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n