{"id":4921,"date":"2019-03-18T15:42:42","date_gmt":"2019-03-18T08:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vnras.com\/drug\/?p=4921"},"modified":"2019-03-18T15:42:42","modified_gmt":"2019-03-18T08:42:42","slug":"ho-ga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/ho-ga\/","title":{"rendered":"HO G\u00c0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh nghe c\u00e1c m\u1eb9 antivax b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 sao con em ti\u00eam vaccine <strong>ho g\u00e0<\/strong> xong v\u1ec1 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ho nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ho g\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng n\u00e3o cho c\u00e1c m\u1eb9 antivax v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ea1o l\u1ee9t mu\u1ed1i v\u1eebng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 anh Mark l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ng\u00e2m c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t \u00edt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ho nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ho g\u00e0 nha c\u00e1c m\u1eb9. H\u00e3y nghe c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t danh y \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bahaodowle Razi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ho g\u00e0. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 danh y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u00f3m T\u1eaft Nh\u1eefng Tr\u1ea3i Nghi\u1ec7m trong Y H\u1ecdc\u201d bao g\u1ed3m 28 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 13, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hai tr\u1eadn d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn \u1edf Harat v\u00e0 Rey v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho khan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edm t\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho n\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra n\u00f4n m\u1eeda, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ea man v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 17, Guillaume de Baillou \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y trong hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Epidemorium et ephemeridum (n\u0103m 1640) v\u00e0 Pharos medicorum (n\u0103m 1673). \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn d\u1ecbch x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1578 v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Quinta, hay Quintana tussis th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. L\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho (tussis) l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m gi\u1edd (quint). Theo l\u1eddi \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u m\u0169i, ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn d\u1ecbch, \u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean ri\u00eang: coqueluche.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1674, Thomas Willis c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchin-cough\u201d g\u1eb7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u00fang co gi\u1eadt, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00edt v\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1edf ra tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ai \u0111\u00f3 xi\u1ebft c\u1ed5. \u00d4ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1765, Nils Rosen von Rosenstein, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1edfi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 \u0111i k\u00e8m nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ng\u1ed9p th\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u m\u0169i. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho n\u00e0y l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb t\u00edm t\u00e1i m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ho g\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n Bordetella pertussis (hay B. pertussis). Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ho, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddm li ti t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00f3 B.pertussis \u1ea9n n\u00e1u b\u00ean trong b\u00ean trong b\u1eafn ra ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u00edt v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng mao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e1t m\u1eb7t trong m\u0169i, h\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p r\u1ed3i sinh s\u1ea3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c l\u00f4ng mao n\u00e0y khi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111ung \u0111\u01b0a qua l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111i l\u00ean tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i ra ngo\u00e0i. B. pertussis t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng mao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>Di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ho g\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/h2>\n<h3>GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N \u0110\u1ea6U<\/h3>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 tu\u1ea7n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea3y m\u0169i, ho nh\u1eb9, h\u1eaft x\u00ec, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m c\u00fam th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y vi khu\u1ea9n B. pertussis. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 80% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng sinh th\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng sinh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y sang nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 5 ng\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n ho g\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng 3 tu\u1ea7n sau khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, sau 3 tu\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng sinh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ho g\u00e0 v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra do c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra \u0111i r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m, ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf trong v\u00f2ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 tu\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho ho\u1eb7c sau \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 ng\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh ho g\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y vi khu\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn sau 2 tu\u1ea7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5y, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<h3>GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N HAI<\/h3>\n<p>Sau 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 tu\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho g\u00e0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ra b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng mao \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0m ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p h\u01a1n. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i c\u01a1n ho, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1edf n\u1ed5i v\u00ec ho. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong ph\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Khi \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf ngang khe thanh m\u00f4n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u01b0ng n\u1ec1 do vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean th\u00edt ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nghe nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 k\u00eau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho g\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ho g\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00edt v\u00e0o n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u00edm t\u00e1i do thi\u1ebfu oxy v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf. Tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f4n \u00f3i sau khi ho c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u00f4n \u00f3i do s\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 15 c\u01a1n trong 24 gi\u1edd. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho g\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 tu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 tu\u1ea7n. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean d\u1ea7n trong 2 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n trong 2 tu\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N H\u1ed2I PH\u1ee4C<\/h3>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n ho d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, B.pertussis c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u0103ng lympho b\u00e0o, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ti\u1ebft insulin, n\u00f4n \u00f3i sau khi ho g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh (ng\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ho g\u00e0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5i th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t sau ho g\u00e0. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do B. pertussis sinh s\u1ea3n b\u00ean trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9o theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997-2000 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean 5.2% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 v\u00e0 11.8% tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ho g\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ea7n kinh do n\u00e3o thi\u1ebfu oxy v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1edf n\u1ed5i l\u00fac ho ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa, ch\u00e1n \u0103n, m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do c\u00e1c c\u01a1n ho tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eb9p ph\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u m\u0169i, t\u1ee5 m\u00e1u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng (c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o), v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n ho g\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tamari v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 7 ra sao ch\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00f2ng 3 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m sang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1n ho gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay c\u1ea3 thu\u1ed1c ho c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1n ho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 CDC khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ho tr\u1eeb phi c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng corticoid \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u00eam \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh th\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1edf oxy v\u00e0 h\u00fat \u0111\u00e0m t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede tr\u1ebb v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng th\u00ec b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ho nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p>Ho g\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Kho\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 100 tr\u1ebb nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 1 tr\u1ebb t\u1eed vong. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eam vaccine ho g\u00e0 \u1edf tam c\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 ba (t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 27 \u0111\u1ebfn 36 tu\u1ea7n). Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, khi m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ho g\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 (mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng) nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vaccine c\u00f2n gi\u00fap m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y cho con. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n mang thai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eam ng\u1eeba b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u00eam hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0 anh ch\u1ecb em, \u00f4ng b\u00e0, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c s\u1edf th\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u00ecnh g\u1eedi k\u00e8m theo b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n video v\u00e0 hai t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh. \u0110o\u1ea1n video quay l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u00f4m \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 g\u00e1i b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110o\u1ea1n video n\u00e0y do Mayo Clinic g\u1eedi l\u00ean Youtube. B\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 trai b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i. B\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c v\u1ee1 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 b\u1ea7m t\u00edm h\u1ebft m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb link sau: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vaccineinformation.org\/whooping-cough\/photos.asp\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.vaccineinformation.org\/whooping-cough\/photos.asp<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 website c\u1ee7a Immunization Action Coalition ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a CDC \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vaccine cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady nha. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 antivax nh\u1edb n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n m\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed5i th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 xui \u0111i nha. Ho nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ho g\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u nha m\u1ea5y m\u1eb9. Con c\u00e1i m\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ho g\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1ch n\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i nha.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec m\u00ecnh xin m\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 ph\u00e0m xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea9n c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng tamari ch\u1eefa ho g\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>====<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/h2>\n<p>Erik L. Hewlett (Apr 01, 2014). Pertussis Pathogenesis\u2014What We Know and What We Don&#8217;t Know. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3952676\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3952676\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Paddock CD, Sanden GN, Cherry JD, Gal AA, Langston C, Tatti KM, Wu KH, Goldsmith CS, Greer PW, Montague JL, Eliason MT, Holman RC, Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR. Pathology and pathogenesis of fatal Bordetella pertussis infection in infants. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1; 47(3):328-38.<\/p>\n<p>Weston, R. (2012). Whooping cough: A brief history to the 19th century. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 29(2), 329-349.<\/p>\n<p>Yarmohammadi, H. (2015, July 1). The First Report of Epidemic Pertussis by Bahaodowle Razi from the 15th Century Anno Domini. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4580069\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4580069\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: B\u00e1c s\u0129 L\u00ea Minh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh nghe c\u00e1c m\u1eb9 antivax b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 sao con em ti\u00eam vaccine ho g\u00e0 xong v\u1ec1 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ho nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ho g\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng n\u00e3o cho c\u00e1c [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4921"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4921\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}