{"id":4599,"date":"2019-03-12T13:13:39","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T06:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vnras.com\/drug\/?p=4599"},"modified":"2019-03-15T13:19:39","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T06:19:39","slug":"nguy-hiem-tu-viec-su-dung-thuoc-giam-can","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/nguy-hiem-tu-viec-su-dung-thuoc-giam-can\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c <strong>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 amphetamine, fenfluramine\u2026<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u00e9o ph\u00ec \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng cao. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n \u0103n ngon, \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng thon g\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaby \u0111\u00e0. Do v\u1eady, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp gym l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u00e0th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o k\u0129 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ng\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c\/ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 amphetamine, fenfluramine\u2026 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 sibutramine, rimonabant. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u00e9o ph\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c\/h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh:<\/h2>\n<h3>Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1eadn tr\u00e0ng:<\/h3>\n<p>Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1eadn tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 Hy L\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n: ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1 kali m\u00e1u, nhi\u1ec5m ki\u1ec1m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. Ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo n\u00f4n, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 suy th\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1eadn tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e1n \u0103n t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed3ng \u0103n.<\/p>\n<h3>Hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Hormon ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy gi\u00e1p. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t t\u0103ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng sinh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u01a1, m\u00f4n\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 m\u1ee1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t m\u00f4 n\u1ea1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m: gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u0103ng ph\u00ec\u0111\u1ea1i c\u01a1 tim, t\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid, carbohydrate v\u00e0 protein. Trong 15 n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean tim m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n an to\u00e0n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u00edch th\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u00e9o ph\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h3>Dinitrophenol:2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)<\/h3>\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m b\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 calo \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ghi nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m: t\u0103ng th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c gan, \u0111\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea5t b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1938, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay DNP v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rao b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h3>Amphetamine v\u00e0 &#8220;thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng\u201d:<\/h3>\n<p>Amphetamine v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (CNS), t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 giao c\u1ea3m g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng nh\u1ecbp tim, t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u0103ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft noradrenaline, dopamine v\u00e0 serotonin, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng CNS v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e8m \u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0103n v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng. Benzedrine (amphetamine sulfate) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u0103ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng, tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, thu\u1ed1c &#8220;c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, thu\u1ed1c &#8220;c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng\u201d l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a amphetamine, hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb9n th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 beta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c benzodiazepin (thu\u1ed1c an th\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ng\u1ee7) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh digitalis tr\u00ean tim, h\u1ea1 kali m\u00e1u, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, amphetamine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch ma t\u00fay \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ea5m t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef v\u00e0 mua b\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3>Phentermine:<\/h3>\n<p>N\u0103m 1959, phentermine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FDA c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cho ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 amphetamine, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a phentermine l\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m \u0103n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng noradrenaline, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf dopamine v\u00e0 serotonine, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u00edt g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n amphetamine. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng quan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 6 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (24%) ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (27%) so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c (8%). N\u0103m 2000, C\u01a1 quan y t\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u khuy\u00ean r\u00fat phentermine do nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf Anh th\u1eafng ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>Phenylpropanolamine:<\/h3>\n<p>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 amphetamine, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u03b1-adrenergic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i thu h\u1ed3i catecholamine, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (CNS) v\u00e0g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e1n \u0103n. Thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean tim v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3>Diethylpropion:<\/h3>\n<p>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f2ng phenylethylamine c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh giao c\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng noradrenaline \u1edf khe synap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i, do \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 noradrenaline v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngo\u1ea1i suy cho nam gi\u1edbi, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i hay b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh m\u1eafc k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n<h3>Aminorex:<\/h3>\n<p>Aminorex fumarate (2-amino-5-phenyloxazoline), c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 adrenaline v\u00e0 amphetamine, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c catecholamine. Thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, \u00c1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1965. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc t\u0103ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t (PPH) \u1edf ba n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1972; c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3 th\u1edf khi g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c, ng\u1ea5t, \u0111au ng\u1ef1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c 6-12 th\u00e1ng. N\u0103m 1968, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>Fenfluramine v\u00e0 Dexfenfluramine:<\/h3>\n<p>Thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c no, gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e8m \u0103n. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa fenfluramine v\u00e0 phentermine (Fen-Phen) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1997 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1edf van t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn fenfluramine. T\u0103ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y trong c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u0169ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997.<\/p>\n<h3>Benfluorex:<\/h3>\n<p>Benfluorex l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i thu h\u1ed3i serotonine ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn fenfluramine. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 lipid v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1n \u0103n. Do c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng van tim n\u00ean thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00fdp 2 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfng th\u1ed5i tim do h\u1edf van tim \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng benfluorex so v\u1edbi pioglitazone.<\/p>\n<h3>Sibutramine:<\/h3>\n<p>Sibutramine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i thu h\u1ed3i serotonine v\u00e0 noradrenaline \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t b\u1edfi FDA v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng sibutramine c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung n\u1ea1p lipid v\u00e0 glucose, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp tim. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng SCOUT cho th\u1ea5y sibutramine g\u00e2y ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 tim m\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. V\u00ec v\u1eady sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, sibutramine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, tr\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n\u2026<\/p>\n<h3>Rimonabant:<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a rimonabant l\u00e0 do thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cannabinoid. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng. M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tim m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng ngay khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gia t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ef1 t\u1eed sau trung b\u00ecnh 14 th\u00e1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Rimonabant sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009.<\/p>\n<p>Nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai, tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c \u0111ang b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eadt k\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0o, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: \u0110\u1ee9c Huy , Ngu\u1ed3n: Pharmacotherapies in obesity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 amphetamine, fenfluramine\u2026 Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u00e9o [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}