{"id":33827,"date":"2022-08-31T17:42:24","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T10:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vnras.com\/drug\/?p=33827"},"modified":"2022-10-12T17:18:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-12T10:18:23","slug":"benh-lao-la-gi-nguyen-nhan-trieu-chung-va-cach-dieu-tri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/benh-lao-la-gi-nguyen-nhan-trieu-chung-va-cach-dieu-tri\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i y h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lao. N\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m lao v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 2% s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong v\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. B\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec7nh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u1eb7ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c Ng\u1ecdc Anh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh lao ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 t\u00ean Mycobacterium tuberculosis. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao khi ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft h\u01a1i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi khu\u1ea9n lao s\u1ebd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi ph\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng qua tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, vi khu\u1ea9n lao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi 1 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1eadn, n\u00e3o, c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n: Nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi khu\u1ea9n lao \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n lao, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n lao. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh lao: B\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi khu\u1ea9n lao \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc lao d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n g\u0169i xung quanh. ((PGS.TS Ng\u00f4 Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Y H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, &#8220;B\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc N\u1ed9i Khoa&#8221;, t\u1eadp 1, trang 59-70.))<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lao<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qua nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c y b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh lao ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e2y lan t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt b\u1eafn trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, Mycobacterium tuberculosis th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y l\u00e2y lan cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. Khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1edbi lao trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean 1 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh s\u1edbm \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Khi vi khu\u1ea9n Mycobacterium tuberculosis \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8211; tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 theo m\u00e1u \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc HIV\/AIDS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn, suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ung th\u01b0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb &#8211; x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Corticoid, thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp d\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p, b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea3y n\u1ebfn.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eebng \u0111i qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch lao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, M\u1ef9 latinh,\u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf: Nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ma t\u00fay khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 suy y\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u00ean lao ph\u1ed5i. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n lao. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111eo kh\u1ea9u trang khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u1eeda tay s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh s\u1ed1ng trong khu t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m lao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh lao<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u- giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hay tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang nhi\u1ec5m lao. Khi chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ho khan, ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00e8m s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9 tr\u00ean 3 tu\u1ea7n. Khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee5p X quang v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddm \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n lao hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho khan c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddm, \u0111\u1eddm m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c qu\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ho ra m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb lao th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf v\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1c. ((<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuberculosis<\/a>, WHO, Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021))<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>B\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh lao<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cao. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh. B\u1ec7nh lao n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch (tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed) m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng chanh, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng\/ \u0111\u1ecf trong ph\u1ed5i, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n protein v\u00e0 lympho b\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t hang lao th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi hang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i khi\u1ebfn thu nh\u1ecf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy cung c\u1ea5p cho s\u1ef1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch\/ tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay khi x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; N\u1ea5m Aspergillus ph\u1ed5i: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao ph\u1ed5i. Sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao, tr\u00ean ph\u1ed5i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hang n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m. Nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho ra m\u00e1u, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lao ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lao thanh qu\u1ea3n. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a lao thanh qu\u1ea3n l\u00e0 khan ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt, nu\u1ed1t \u0111au, \u0111au tai, lo\u00e9t d\u00e2y thanh \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao ph\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh lao<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi nghi ng\u1edd b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111ang nhi\u1ec5m lao, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. B\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u0103m kh\u00e1m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee5p X quang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m lao qua da.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh lao. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay B\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t 4 ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau cho nhi\u1ec5m lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m Isoniazid (INH), Rifapentine (RPT) v\u00e0 Rifampin (RIF).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd suy gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao r\u1ea5t cao, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh lao<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 6 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 9 th\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u tay trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao bao g\u1ed3m Isoniazid (INH), Ethabutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZA) v\u00e0 Rifampin (RIF).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u 2 th\u00e1ng + Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec (t\u1eeb 4 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 7 th\u00e1ng):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 4 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c trong v\u00f2ng 2 th\u00e1ng (Isoniazid (INH), Ethabutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZA) v\u00e0 Rifampin (RIF)). Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n lao ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c, d\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ethambutol v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (INH, PZA, RIF).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c INH v\u00e0 RIF li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong v\u00f2ng 4 th\u00e1ng. ((Reviewed by Minesh Khatri, MD on June 27, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung\/understanding-tuberculosis-basics\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuberculosis (TB)<\/a>, WebMD, Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021))<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u1eebng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh sau n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u00f9y \u00fd t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady thu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, khi\u1ebfn li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n. L\u01b0u \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 acid uric huy\u1ebft (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c Pyrazinamide) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c Ethambutol).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec7nh lao t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng xung quanh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf lui t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n vi khu\u1ea9n lao; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mong r\u1eb1ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh lao v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh lao, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n xung quanh kh\u1ecfi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i y h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lao. N\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m lao v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 2% s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong v\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. B\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33827"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33827\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}