Nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c L\u01b0u V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng<\/a> – ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 trong chi Citrus<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Ngu\u1ed3n: Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c TP HCM<\/strong><\/p>\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chung v\u1ec1 Citrus<\/h2>\n\n
Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t h\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/a> cho qu\u1ea3, Citrus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong chi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf chi n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 khi vi\u1ebft t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y lai trong chi Citrus \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u1ea5u \u201c\u00d7\u201d gi\u1eefa t\u00ean chi v\u00e0 t\u00ean lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
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Chi Citrus<\/strong> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edfi, cam, chanh, qu\u00fdt, t\u1eafc,\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong b\u1eefa \u0103n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u01a1i kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a chi Citrus c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i Himalaya, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1eafp \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Myanmar, V\u00e2n Nam, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u \u00dac r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n sang ch\u00e2u u th\u00f4ng qua th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn Hesperides \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p, n\u01a1i sinh ra lo\u00e0i \u201cgolden apple\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u khi lo\u00e0i Citrus \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u u. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y trong chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.S\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 Citrus.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m<\/h2>\n
$\"H\u00ecnh$
H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
– Citrus maxima,<\/strong> hay C. grandis \u2013 Pomelo: b\u01b0\u1edfi, b\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edfi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng var kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng b\u01b0\u1edfi tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e2y con t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 do \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, b\u01b0\u1edfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
– Citrus medica \u2013 citron<\/strong>: Thanh Y\u00ean, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
– Citrus reticulata \u2013 mandarin orange<\/strong>: qu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
– Citrus hystrix \u2013 kaffir lime<\/strong>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00fac \u1edf v\u00f9ng B\u1ea3y N\u00fai An Giang, tr\u1ea5p (ch\u1ea5p) ho\u1eb7c chanh Th\u00e1i, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f3n tom yum Th\u00e1i do c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm. V\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1 s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i, th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3 \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc, the v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t chua.<\/p>\n
– Citrus micrantha \u2013 papeda:<\/strong> c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Philippines, nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 chanh, v\u1ecf h\u01a1i s\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 C. hystrix var. micrantha<\/p>\n
– Citrus cavaleriei \u2013 Ichang papeda:<\/strong> chanh Nghi X\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
– Citrus japonica \u2013 kumquat:<\/strong> kim qu\u1ea5t, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 6 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c chi Fortunella nh\u1eb1m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Robert Fortune. Fortunella japonica ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eafc, qu\u1ea5t hay h\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 chanh c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chanh. M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chanh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Citrus \u00d7 aurantiifolia, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p lai gi\u1eefa C. hystrix \u00d7 C. medica. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chanh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 \u0103n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do v\u1ecb chua, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 pha ch\u1ebf m\u00f3n \u0103n\/th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed lemon v\u00e0 lime l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i lemon c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n lime m\u00e0u xanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n
Cam th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p lai gi\u1eefa b\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 qu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf, lo\u00e0i cam s\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Citrus reticulata \u00d7 sinensis. Qu\u1ea3 qu\u00fdt to l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 lai h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfp theo gi\u1eefa qu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 cam.<\/p>\n
Citrus v\u00e0 Poncirus ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 chung t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf d\u1ea1ng m\u00fai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Ba nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Citrus li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba d\u1ea1ng b\u01b0\u1edfi, qu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 thanh y\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Citrus quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p lai gi\u1eefa ba nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoang d\u00e3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\u201cCitrus\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u201cc\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong chi Citrus\u201d<\/h2>\n
$\"H\u00ecnh$
H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00edn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (mature) v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u00edn\u201d (ripen). \u201cCh\u00edn\u201d l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n tinh b\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng acid v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 m\u1ec1m \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n ra khi qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cch\u00edn\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra sau khi thu h\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean c\u00e2y t\u00f9y lo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Citrus, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cch\u00edn\u201d di\u1ec5n ra khi qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e2y. Sau khi thu h\u00e1i, qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eefa ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, tr\u1eeb khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 Citrus l\u00e0 n\u1ebfm ch\u00fang, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a. V\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 cam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u cam kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edfi l\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, chanh v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edfi ch\u00f9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ethylen sinh ra, mau h\u1ecfng; trong khi cam ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u t\u1eadn 2 th\u00e1ng \u1edf 0 \u2013 4 \u0111\u1ed9 C nh\u01b0ng qu\u00fdt l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf do v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
M\u00e0u cam th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 cam ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh. \u1ede n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng\/\u1ea5m quanh n\u0103m, v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh de-greening c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng cam v\u1ecf xanh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 chua ng\u1ecdt kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecb chua c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 Citrus \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb acid citric. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong chi l\u00e0 acid ascorbic. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf acid ascorbic g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u00f9i cam chanh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng acid ascorbic th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i. Trong serum ch\u1ee9a acid ascorbic, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00f9i l\u00e0 acid ferulic. Acid ferulic l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong Citrus.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e2y l\u00e0 flavonoid (flavanon, flavon, flavonol; anthocyanin ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf cam \u0111\u1ecf), carotenoid, pectin, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n, acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1, monoterpen, limonoid, coumarin,\u2026<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafng limonoid b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c triterpen 4 v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f3a cao. C\u00e1c limonoid d\u1ea1ng aglycon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 d\u1ea1ng: v\u00f2ng limonen lacton A v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng limonen lacton D. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00f2ng limonen lacton A (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng), s\u1ebd b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng limonen lacton D (v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng) d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng acid. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a limonene D ring lactone hydrolase. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p Citrus c\u00f3 h\u1eadu v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng. Limonoid d\u1ea1ng glycosid v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng pentose kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng. C\u00e1c limonoid ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ea1t, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 citron (thanh y\u00ean) ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nomilin trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n h\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong Citrus c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c alkaloid synephrine \u1edf qu\u1ea3 non. Coumarin trong Citrus ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c furanocoumarin, coumarin hydroxy h\u00f3a, methoxy h\u00f3a.<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tinh d\u1ea7u: ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 trong l\u00e1, hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. G\u1ed3m monoterpen nh\u01b0 limonen chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, aldehyd nh\u01b0 citral (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf citral l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n: Z- \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 neral h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb9, ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 E- l\u00e0 geranial h\u01b0\u01a1ng chanh m\u1ea1nh), sesquiterpen. Mang h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung v\u1eabn g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Citrus do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n limonen cao) v\u00e0 v\u1ecb the. M\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 c\u00e2y Ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb citronellal, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u t\u1eed ch\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i S\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb S\u1ea3 chanh ra v\u00ec tinh d\u1ea7u S\u1ea3 chanh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9a citral.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edfi ch\u00f9m (grapefruit) c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 atorvastatin, fexofenadin,… do trong qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi P-glycoprotein v\u00e0 CYP450 nh\u01b0 furanocoumarin: bergamottin, dihydroxybergamottin v\u00e0 bergapten.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n chung<\/h2>\n
V\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Citrus, t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n: l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eafc t\u1ed1, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u00fai ti\u1ebft tinh d\u1ea7u, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf trong \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p pectin quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng m\u00fai – qu\u00fdt th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 10 m\u00fai, kim qu\u1ea5t 3\u20136, trong khi b\u01b0\u1edfi 13\u201325 v\u00e0 chanh 7\u201310, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t \u2013 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i khi ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e0y nay do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng \u0111a b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng Citrus, kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1eeb khi qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n non \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00edn, t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y c\u00f3 3 \u0111\u1ee3t r\u1ee5ng sinh l\u00fd. \u1ede \u0111\u1ee3t r\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 2, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c. T\u00ean \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Poncirus trifoliata, t\u1ee9c cam ba l\u00e1, c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Rutaceae. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3 non C. aurantium L. hay C. sinensis r\u1ee5ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i mang \u0111i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, l\u00e1 v\u00e0 hoa Citrus \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tinh d\u1ea7u hoa cam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i cam \u0111\u1eafng Citrus aurantium var. Amara, tinh d\u1ea7u hoa b\u01b0\u1edfi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tinh d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edfi. L\u00e1 chanh, ch\u00fac ch\u1ee9a tinh d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u1ecb th\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c che gi\u1ea5u m\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n
Manuel Talon, Marco Caruso, Fred Gmitter, jr. (2020), The Genus Citrus
\nGiovanni Dugo, Angelo Di Giacomo (2002), Citrus: The Genus Citrus (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles)-CRC Press<\/p>\n
Xingqian Ye (2017) – Phytochemicals in Citrus: Applications in Functional Foods-CRC Press_Taylor & Francis
\nL. Gene Albrigo, Lavern W. Timmer, Lukasz L. Stelinski (2019), Citrus (Crop Production Science in Horticulture, 5) 2nd Edition
\nBailey, D. G., Spence, J. D., Munoz, C., Arnold, J. M. (1991). Interaction of citrus juices with felodipine and nifedipine,The Lancet. 337 (8736): 268\u2013269.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c L\u01b0u V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng – ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 trong chi Citrus Ngu\u1ed3n: Ngu\u1ed3n: Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c TP HCM T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chung v\u1ec1 Citrus Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt cho qu\u1ea3, Citrus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32498"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32498\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}