Nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c L\u01b0u V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng<\/a> – Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: T\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed1c Gliflozin<\/a><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u – \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c TP HCM.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng quan<\/h2>\n
T\u00e1o<\/strong> c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch, \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5m trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Adam v\u00e0 Eva ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1o, t\u00e1o T\u00e2y hay pomme (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p)<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i trong chi Malus, h\u1ecd Hoa h\u1ed3ng Rosaceae. Chi Malus do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chi T\u00e1o T\u00e2y hay \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac l\u00e0 H\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang lo\u00e0i t\u00e1o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Malus domestica \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 7500 gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i Malus kh\u00f3 \u0103n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp do ru\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u00f3a g\u1ed7 trong khi th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t chua tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p l\u00ean men hay th\u1ea1ch t\u00e1o m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ngon.<\/p>\n
G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi gi\u1ed1ng t\u00e1o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1o d\u1ea1i T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng Malus sieversii. Lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Carl Friedrich von Ledebour v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1833, v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Pyrus sieversii (Pyrus l\u00e0 chi l\u00ea) khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i d\u00e3y n\u00fai Altai, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00e1p ranh c\u1ee7a Nga, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Kazakhstan. Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u00e1o d\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n v\u00e0 may thay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u00e1o d\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n v\u00e0i v\u1ea1t n\u1edf hoa m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u1ec1, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. T\u00e1o d\u1ea1i T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb phong ph\u00fa, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ong th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho hoa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1o c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1eadt ong v\u00e0 d\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec chua, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i mang v\u1ecb cam th\u1ea3o. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y t\u00e1o t\u1ea1i s\u01b0\u1eddn t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai Altai m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e1o thu\u1ea7n, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00e1o d\u1ea1i \u1edf s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i n\u00e0y. Malus sieversii \u0111\u00e3 lai c\u1eadn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1o d\u1ea1i Siberia (M. baccata), Caucasus (M. orientalis) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u u (M. sylvestris), d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh M. domestica.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u00e1o T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi chim v\u00e0 g\u1ea5u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ebfn khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n t\u00e1o, Malus sieversii \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc \u1edf Syria. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111em lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
$\"H\u00ecnh$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n \u201can apple a day keeps the doctor away\u201d. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Pembrokeshire, UK v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1866 l\u00e0 “Eat an apple on going to bed, and you’ll keep the doctor from earning his bread”. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0103n c\u00e1c m\u00f3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh (healthy) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng xung quanh Anh. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n B\u1ea1ch Tuy\u1ebft khi b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n t\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 rao nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hoa m\u1ef9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng statin \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m LDL-cholesterol<\/strong>. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0103n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n
Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb (flavor) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eedi nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, n\u1ebfn th\u01a1m hay h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m,\u2026b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb m\u00f3n \u0103n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n bay l\u00ean m\u0169i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n khi n\u1ebfm ch\u00fang, l\u00fac n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u2013 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb chua nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 chua m\u1ea1nh hay nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi h\u01b0\u01a1ng-v\u1ecb k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb chua. Acid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i ch\u00fang chua gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c acid ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: acid citric t\u1eeb chi Citrus, acid malic t\u1eeb chi Malus, acid tartaric t\u1eeb tartar (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho), acid succinic t\u1eeb succinum (h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch), c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 acid butendioic nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n trans l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 acid fumaric t\u1eeb Fumaria officinalis (c\u00e2y kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t, fume: kh\u00f3i), \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n cis l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 acid maleic (acid malic, acid maleic v\u00e0 acid malonic \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb t\u00e1o, Malus), acid acetic t\u1eeb acetum (gi\u1ea5m nho), acid formic t\u1eeb Formica (m\u1ed9t chi ki\u1ebfn),\u2026<\/p>\n
Trong qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn<\/strong> hay v\u1ecf r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a phlorizin, glycosid c\u1ee7a phloretin, m\u1ed9t dihydrochalcon. Phlorizin c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft tinh ch\u1ee9a 4 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c chi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00ea, cherry kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a phlorizin. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1835 t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 t\u00e1o v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t hay kh\u00e1ng s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y phlorizin c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft glucose ni\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng aglycon \u1edf ru\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfn cho phlorizin kh\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Michael Nauck v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i th\u1eadn, ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a phlorizin. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sodium\/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 phlorizin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh tranh v\u1edbi glucose tr\u00ean SGLT-2. T\u00ednh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SGLT-1.<\/p>\n
L\u00f9i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb khi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i th\u1eadn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi insulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y. \u1ede th\u1eadn, SGLT-2 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu glucose \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdc trong l\u00f2ng \u1ed1ng th\u1eadn. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SGLT-2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu glucose, t\u0103ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft glucose qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1 glucose m\u00e1u. S\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SGLT-2 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu natri v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u00e0i ni\u1ec7u th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u. Do \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SGLT-2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u00e2m thu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SGLT-2 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t glycoside c\u1ee7a glucose v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng th\u01a1m \u2013 alkyl \u2013 v\u00f2ng th\u01a1m, v\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng O-glycosid (ether), do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n \u1edf ru\u1ed9t non. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ester. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng C-glycosid, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c O-glycosid. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C-glycosid d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 dapagliflozin.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m canagliflozin v\u00e0 empagliflozin. \u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3, FDA ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn canagliflozin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t n\u0103m so v\u1edbi 2 thu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Canagliflozin \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng th\u01a1m th\u00e0nh d\u1ecb v\u00f2ng thiazole \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 phlorizin sinh ra nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o chua “ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o”.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/h2>\n
Makarova, Elina; G\u00f3rna\u015b, Pawe\u0142; Konrade, Ilze; Tirzite, Dace; Cirule, Helena; Gulbe, Anita; Pugajeva, Iveta; et al. (2015). Acute anti-hyperglycaemic effects of an unripe apple preparation containing phlorizin in healthy volunteers: A preliminary study. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 95 (3): 560\u2013568.
\nChurchill’s Pocketbook of Diabetes (Second Edition), 2012, Pages 83-125<\/p>\n
Richards, Christopher M.; Volk, Gayle M.; Reilley, Ann A.; Henk, Adam D.; Lockwood, Dale R.; Reeves, Patrick A. & Forsline, Philip L. (2009), Genetic diversity and population structure in Malus sieversii, a wild progenitor species of domesticated apple, Tree Genetics & Genomes, 5(2), 339\u2013347.<\/p>\n
Valdes-Socin, H., Scheen, A. J., Jouret, F., Grosch, S., & Delanaye, P. (2022). De la d\u00e9couverte de la phlorizine (une histoire belge) aux inhibiteurs des SGLT2 [From the discovery of phlorizin (a Belgian story) to SGLT2 inhibitors]. Revue medicale de Liege, 77(3), 175\u2013180.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c L\u01b0u V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng – Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: T\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed1c Gliflozin Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u – \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c TP HCM. T\u1ed5ng quan T\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch, \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5m trong v\u01b0\u1eddn […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32472\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}