{"id":134210,"date":"2025-08-22T13:25:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T06:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/?p=134210"},"modified":"2025-08-22T14:00:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T07:00:22","slug":"benh-cam-o-tre-em-quan-ly-va-phong-ngua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/benh-cam-o-tre-em-quan-ly-va-phong-ngua\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em : Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m virus c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eaft h\u01a1i, ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i, ch\u1ea3y m\u0169i, \u0111au h\u1ecdng, ho, s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh do virus g\u00e2y ra, nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do rhinovirus g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng virus d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00f9m.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh<\/strong> – \u1ede tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n trong v\u00f2ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 14 ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfi d\u1ea7n trong v\u00f2ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 tu\u1ea7n. \u1ede tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y (l\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i (t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m)<\/strong> – Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1edf n\u1eb7ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t, s\u1ed1t cao) ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111i ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ho dai d\u1eb3ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: vi\u00eam xoang c\u1ea5p do vi khu\u1ea9n, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, ho g\u00e0).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/strong> – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1edfng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u tay cho tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ecbch – Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m – Vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00e0, s\u00fap g\u00e0) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y \u1edf m\u0169i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddm, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 – Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0o khoang m\u0169i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ecbch m\u0169i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea7y l\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y co m\u1ea1ch (gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i). T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m k\u00edch \u1ee9ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u cam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u1ede tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf m\u0169i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u00fat m\u0169i b\u00f3ng cao su. \u1ede tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda m\u0169i b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: chai b\u00f3p, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 r\u1eeda m\u0169i). \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda m\u0169i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai; \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u00eam n\u00e3o do m\u00edp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 pha dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda m\u0169i.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m 2015 g\u1ed3m 5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (bao g\u1ed3m 544 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 205 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn) k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda m\u0169i b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. Do c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda m\u0169i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
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Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea9m – M\u00e1y t\u1ea1o \u1ea9m\/m\u00e1y phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft \u1edf m\u0169i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o \u1ea9m sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i \u1edf tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh. X\u00f4ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m 2017 c\u1ee7a 6 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (387 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00edt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 899 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (t\u1eeb 3 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n
WHO khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng hay phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong> – C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (OTC) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb em bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin, thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i, thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m ho, thu\u1ed1c long \u0111\u1eddm, thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea7y, thu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t\/gi\u1ea3m \u0111au v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
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Tr\u1ebb < 6 tu\u1ed5i – Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t\/gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c OTC \u0111\u1ec3
\n\u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i,<\/li>\n
Tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ed5i – Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t\/gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c OTC \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
Thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u2265 12 tu\u1ed5i – Thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i OTC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i \u1edf thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean t\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (OTC) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ho v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh OTC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 tu\u1ed5i. Thu\u1ed1c OTC c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cao h\u01a1n \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (OTC) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh cho tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 6 tu\u1ed5i, h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu d\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chai thu\u1ed1c thay v\u00ec gi\u1eef th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00fang khi nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o m\u0169i, li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 l\u1ea7n. Gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ho v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh OTC c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh do SARS-CoV-2 g\u00e2y ra<\/strong> \u2013 Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng cho tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh do virus SARS-CoV-2 (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh COVID-19) g\u00e2y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh do c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\u0110I\u1ec0U TR\u1eca TRI\u1ec6U CH\u1ee8NG<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i cho tr\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu). C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111i k\u00e8m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu do s\u1ed1t<\/strong> – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu do s\u1ed1t trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng acetaminophen (cho tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i) ho\u1eb7c ibuprofen (cho tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n
Khi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u do nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, acetaminophen).<\/p>\n
Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u0169i<\/strong> – C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u0169i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u00eam m\u0169i v\u00e0 ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i\/t\u1eafc m\u0169i. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc m\u0169i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c b\u00fa ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
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\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u tay – \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00fat m\u0169i, nh\u1ecf m\u0169i n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd, x\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda m\u0169i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1t) thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/li>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai – C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i:\n
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Tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i – \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o d\u1ea3i d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u00fat m\u0169i, x\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda m\u0169i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i \u1edf tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i, do hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro. Thu\u1ed1c x\u1ecbt m\u0169i Ipratropium 0.06% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n cho tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 5 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 x\u1ecbt hai nh\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i b\u00ean m\u0169i, ba l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng 4 ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
Tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ed5i – \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u00fat m\u0169i, x\u1ecbt m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda m\u0169i thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng m\u0169i\/kh\u00e1ng histamin, do b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 k\u00e8m theo. Thu\u1ed1c x\u1ecbt m\u0169i ipratropium c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n
– T\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 11 tu\u1ed5i – Ipratropium 0.06% d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt m\u00f9i, x\u1ecbt hai nh\u00e1t m\u1ed7i b\u00ean m\u0169i, ba l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, trong 4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
– T\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean – Ipratropium 0.06% d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt m\u0169i, x\u1ecbt hai nh\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i b\u00ean m\u0169i, ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, trong 4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa ipratropium d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt m\u0169i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean tr\u1ebb t\u1eed \u2265 5 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, ipratropium c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea3y m\u0169i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 (ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u m\u0169i, kh\u00f4 m\u0169i, kh\u00f4 mi\u1ec7ng) x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng ipratropium cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
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Tr\u1ebb 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u00f9i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ec3n ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (d\u1ea1ng u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt) ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c x\u1ecbt m\u00f9i ipratropium.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i (d\u1ea1ng u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y co m\u1ea1ch ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m sung huy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
– Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pseudoephedrine \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi phenylephrine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, FDA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phenylephrine \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1ecbp tim nhanh, t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
– C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m oxymetazoline, xylometazoline v\u00e0 phenylephrine. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c x\u1ecbt th\u00f4ng m\u0169i bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u cam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt trong 2-3 ng\u00e0y; n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i sau khi ng\u1eebng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan n\u0103m 2016 cho th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c x\u1ecbt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn b\u1ecb vi\u00eam m\u0169i d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, pseudoephedrine \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n phenylephrine v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i, trong khi phenylephrine kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
$\"B\u1ec7nh$
B\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em : Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Ho<\/strong> – Ho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 vui ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u01a1n ho, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ho l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf, ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu k\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf g\u00e2y ho b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ea9m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00e0, s\u00fap g\u00e0), m\u1eadt ong (cho tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 1 tu\u1ed5i), ho\u1eb7c vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o ng\u1eadm (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u00f3c s\u1eb7c), thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho, kh\u00e1ng histamin, thu\u1ed1c long \u0111\u1eddm ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n hay k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m, m\u1eadt ong, vi\u00ean ng\u1eadm c\u00f3 ch\u00ed ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
\n
U\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m<\/li>\n
M\u1eadt ong – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ong nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 1
\ntu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1eafc c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eadt \u00f4ng (li\u1ec1u 2.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ml (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 th\u00eca c\u00e0 ph\u00ea)) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho tr\u1ebb u\u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c pha lo\u00e3ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt ong, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng siro ng\u00f4. M\u1eadt ong c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ho v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 \u00edt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 1 tu\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1eadt ong cho tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 tu\u1ed5i do nguy c\u01a1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00ec khu\u1ea9n Clostridium botulinum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 14 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng so s\u00e1nh m\u1eadt ong v\u1edbi c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y m\u1eadt ong c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c, diphehydramine, dextromethorphan). M\u1eadt ong gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1eadt ong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n diphehydramine v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng dextromethorphan trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho. T\u00e1 d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eb9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n).<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, WHO v\u00e0 AAP \u0111\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t ong nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean 1 tu\u1ed5i. ACCP c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt ong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho do c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
\n
Vi\u00eam ng\u1eadm ho – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u00ean ng\u1eadm ho nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u00f3c s\u1eb7c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u00eam ng\u1eb7m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ho, nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. AAP khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng vi\u00ean ng\u1eadm ho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 6 tu\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng codeine ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: dextromethorphan) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho do c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng m\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a codeine \u1edf tr\u1ebb em bao g\u1ed3m bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, dextromethorphan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
AAP khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a codeine v\u00e0 dextromethorphan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, do thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho c\u1ee7a dextromethorphan so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 128 tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ed5i cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng dextromethorphan gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a dextromethorphan \u1edf tr\u1ebb em tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
FDA khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ho v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c codeine ho\u1eb7c hydrocodone cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i. EMA c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng codeine \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 12 tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: hen).
\nWHO c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a codeine \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng dextromethorphan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ho g\u00e0, hen suy\u1ec5n, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n
Guaifenesin<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 200 mg (10 mL), 4 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cho tr\u1ebb em, li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 100 mg, 4 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a guaifenesin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y | t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n
Dextromethorphan<\/strong><\/p>\n
V\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m opioid, dextromethorphan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o m\u00e1u n\u00e3o. Khi d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng an th\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n
Dextromethorphan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng serotonin n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf monoamine oxidase, thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu serotonin c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c tramadol.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7n th\u1eadn trong khi d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb hen suy\u1ec5n, v\u00ec tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean 12 tu\u1ed5i, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a dextromethorphan. Li\u1ec1u | d\u00f9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 10 ml., 4 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamine<\/strong><\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quy thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamine kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho khan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng an th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch, gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ng\u1ee7 ngon gi\u1ea5c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c an th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng an th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng muscarinic, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y kh\u00f4 mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00e1o b\u00f3n. Do c\u00e1ct\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng muscarinic n\u00e0y, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u0103ng nh\u00e3n \u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t n\u00ean | tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n
C\u00c1C TRI\u1ec6U CH\u1ee8NG DAI D\u1eb2NG<\/h2>\n
Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u0169i dai d\u1eb3ng – C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecbch m\u0169i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh (vi d\u1ee5: k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 10 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean).
\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
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D\u1ecb v\u1eadt trong m\u0169i<\/li>\n
Vi\u00eam m\u0169i d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, vi\u00eam m\u0169i kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, vi\u00eam m\u0169i do thu\u1ed1c<\/li>\n
Vi\u00eam xoang c\u1ea5p do vi khu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
H\u1ecd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/strong> – C\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2 tu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean).<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u1ea3n thay th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, hen suy\u1ec5n, ho g\u00e0, x\u01a1 nang ho\u1eb7c h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecb v\u1eadt, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
C\u00c1C \u0110I\u1ec0U TR\u1eca KH\u00c1C CH\u01afA C\u00d3 B\u1eb0NG CH\u1ee8NG<\/h2>\n
Kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/strong> – Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng sinh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00e1ng sinh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa do vi khu\u1ea9n, vi\u00eam xoang, v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin<\/strong> – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng histamin \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eabn thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ng histamin – thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng m\u0169i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 co gi\u1eadt. Diphehydramine c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
Glucocorticosteroid x\u1ecbt m\u0169i<\/strong> – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng corticosteroid x\u1ecbt m\u0169i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u0169i trong c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan n\u0103m 2015 tr\u00ean ba th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng (353 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia) cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed1c ho<\/strong> – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho k\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 codeine) ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 dextromethorphan) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u1edf tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. AAP khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a codeine v\u00e0 dextromethorphan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5mvirus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. FDA c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ho v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c c\u00e1m k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a codeine ho\u1eb7c hydrocodone cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed1c long \u0111\u1eddm v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea7y<\/strong> – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c long \u0111\u1eddm kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: guaifenesin) ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea7y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: acetylcystein, bromhexin, letosteine) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thu\u1ed1c long \u0111\u1eddm l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y, c\u00f2n thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea7y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddm d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho tr\u1ebb em. Ri\u00eang guaifenesin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00e1 an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n, guaifenesin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: co th\u1eaft ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n<\/strong> \u2013 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb hen khi m\u1eafc c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb hen suy\u1ec5n n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhanh (thu\u1ed1c c\u1eaft c\u01a1n) theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hen.<\/p>\n
Tinh d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m b\u00f4i ngo\u00e0i da – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tinh d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m b\u00f4i ngo\u00e0i da (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: menthol, long n\u00e3o, tinh d\u1ea7u khuynh di\u1ec7p) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c ho \u1edf tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Vitamin, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Vitamin C – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vitamin C \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p n\u0103m 2013 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, vitamin C (2 200 mg\/ng\u00e0y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian (7 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, 3249 \u0111\u1ee3t c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng (4 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, 2708 \u0111\u1ee3t c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
K\u1ebdm – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm trong vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebdm kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb em. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebdm d\u1ea1ng x\u1ecbt m\u0169i, bao g\u1ed3m k\u00eam gluconat d\u1ea1ng vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n d\u00f9ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb em.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
PH\u00d2NG NG\u1eeaA<\/h2>\n
Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1edbp – CDC khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec5m SARS-CoV-2 n\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 24 gi\u1edd sau khi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m virus c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eaft h\u01a1i, ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i, ch\u1ea3y m\u0169i, \u0111au h\u1ecdng, ho, s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. C\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh do virus g\u00e2y ra, […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":134212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134210"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134233,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134210\/revisions\/134233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/134212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=134210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=134210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}