{"id":12708,"date":"2019-07-01T22:14:40","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T15:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vnras.com\/drug\/?p=12708"},"modified":"2019-07-02T01:20:34","modified_gmt":"2019-07-01T18:20:34","slug":"glutathione","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/glutathione\/","title":{"rendered":"Glutathione"},"content":{"rendered":"

Glutathione l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Glutathione<\/strong> (GSH) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tripeptid c\u1ee7a acid glutamic, cystein v\u00e0 glycin. Nh\u00f3m SH c\u1ee7a cystein trong GSH c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m cho \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng. GSH t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ea7u k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, n\u1ea5m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ec1 b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tham gia b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a, tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gen c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 y d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a GSH nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng da, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan hay nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, alzheimer.<\/p>\n
H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n
$\"C\u00f4ng$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a glutathion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Glutathione (GSH) c\u00f3 t\u00ean h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u03b3-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine l\u00e0 1 tripeptid v\u1edbi 2 li\u00ean k\u1ebft peptid h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m \u03b3-carboxyl c\u1ee7a acid glutamic v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m amin c\u1ee7a cystein v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m carboxyl c\u1ee7a cystein v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m amin c\u1ee7a glycin.<\/p>\n
GSH l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m thiol (nh\u00f3m -SH) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5-10 mM\/L. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft GSH c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t (85-90%), c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong ti th\u1ec3, l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c peroxisome. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p (n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 2-20 \u03bcmol\/L).<\/p>\n
Do trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a GSH c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m thiol d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, GSH d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn electron, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5t \u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m NO, NO_{2<\/sub>, \u2026) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh GSSG (glutathiol disulfid). C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh GSSG l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd (ung th\u01b0, HIV, ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng,\u2026) hay trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u1ea3 GSH v\u00e0 GSSG \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed protein v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf, kho\u1ea3ng 15%. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH + 2 GSSG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glutathiol c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 GSH\/GSSG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh l\u00fd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed GSH \u2013 GSSG th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p NADPH\/NADP^{+<\/sup> v\u00e0\u00a0 NADH_{2<\/sub>^{+<\/sup>\/NADH.<\/p>\n}}}}
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Glutathion di\u1ec5n ra qua 2 gia \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u03b3-L-Glutamyl-L-cystein (GGC) b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p enzym \u03b3-L-Glutamyl-L-cystein synthetase (GCS). Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH b\u1eb1ng enzym GSH synthetase. C\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ATP, c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cystein t\u1ef1 do trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GCS t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u03b3-L-Glutamyl-L-cystein) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH.<\/p>\n
$\"Qu\u00e1$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a glutathione<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u1edf gan di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n nay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng (in vivo) c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p glutamate cho ru\u1ed9t non v\u00e0 cho th\u1eadn c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Ru\u1ed9t non s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng glutamate t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, trong khi th\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p glutamate t\u1eeb m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1u \u00edt ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 Oxy, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1eadn m\u00e1u gi\u00e0u oxy v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, hay c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH<\/h2>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o enzym GCS<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, insulin, c\u00e1c cytokin trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u00eam, prostagladin A2, c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c ion t\u1ef1 do, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf GCS, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ec1u h\u1ee5t GSH v\u00e0 GSH li\u00ean h\u1ee3p, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o hay m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nito t\u1ebf b\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 t\u1ea1o GCS v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 GSH \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. T\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 GCS l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH hay t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t Protein trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n, Erythropoietin, dexamethasol, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ed1i u, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 phosphoryl h\u00f3a GCS l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 t\u1ea1o GCS c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 GCS. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n
\u1ede t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o, GCS khi b\u1ecb nitro h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t cho nh\u00f3m NO (S-nitroso-L-cystein, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a arginin,) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a GCS, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 glucosamin, taurin, PUFA, carotenoid, k\u1ebdm c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi NO c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nitro h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m GSH theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Trong khi c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c lipoprotein t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p (LDLC), s\u1eaft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p NO s\u1ebd tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t GSH.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c acid amin<\/h3>\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, Cystein l\u00e0 acid amin c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o GSH, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 Cystein v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng (insulin, hormon t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng,\u2026) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 cystein v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p cystein hay c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cystein (acetylcystein, 2-oxothiazolidin-4-carboxylat,\u2026)\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam c\u0169ng k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a GSH trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau (h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang suy gi\u1ea3m h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, HIV\/AIDS). Methionin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u1edf gan t\u1ea1o Cystein n\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung Methionin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng GSH in vivo.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u00e1u, cystein t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a l\u00e0 cystin, v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cystin kho\u1ea3ng 50-150 \u03bcmol\/L (g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 5-6 l\u1ea7n cystein). Hai ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u1ede gan, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cystin ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, GSH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean cystin ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed th\u00e0nh cystein v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cystin v\u00e0 kh\u1eed th\u00e0nh cystein b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
$\"C\u00f4ng$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a glutamat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
M\u1ed9t acid amin kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o GSH l\u00e0 Glutamat, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH. C\u1ea3 Glutamat n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH. Do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glutamat trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf ru\u1ed9t non, ngu\u1ed3n cung glutamat \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c hay trong m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a protein ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u enzym tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p glutamat trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 glutaminase ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c phosphat, glutamat dehydrogenase, pyrrolin-5-carboxylat dehydrogenase, BCAA transaminase,\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i enzym n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho, Glutamin l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a glutamat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH. V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ed5 sung glutamin v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecd \u0103n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng GSH trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (paracetamol, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0) hay \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5, c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Glutamat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH theo 2 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf theo 2 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m GSH n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o do s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glutamat ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 glutamat v\u00e0 cystein v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng 1 h\u1ec7 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glutamat ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o t\u0103ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u1ea5p thu cystein v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0m t\u0103ng GSH n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o do s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glutamat n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o. Glutamat n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a GSH v\u1edbi enzym GCS. B\u1edfi v\u00ec GSH l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf GCS theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf feedback \u00e2m t\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glutamat n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng feedback ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a GSH n\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p GSH trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn chung, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a GSH tr\u1ea3i qua 2 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh, v\u1edbi 2 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p enzym tham gia t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
1) glutamyl transpeptidase<\/p>\n
2) glutamyl cyclotransferase<\/p>\n
3) 5-oxoprolinase<\/p>\n
4) glutamylcysteine synthetase<\/p>\n
5) glutathione synthetase<\/p>\n
6) dipeptidase<\/p>\n
7) glutathione peroxidase<\/p>\n
8) glutathione reductase<\/p>\n
9) superoxide dismutase<\/p>\n
10) BCAA transaminase<\/p>\n
11) glutaminase<\/p>\n
12) glutamate dehydrogenase<\/p>\n
13) glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (cytosolic)<\/p>\n
14) nitric oxide synthase<\/p>\n
15) glutathione S-transferase<\/p>\n
16) NADPH oxidase v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 oxy h\u00f3a trong ti th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
17) glycolysis<\/p>\n
18) glutathione-dependent thioldisulfide ho\u1eb7c thioltransferase ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n enzym<\/p>\n
19) con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh<\/p>\n
20) deacylase<\/p>\n
21) serine hydroxymethyl transferase.<\/p>\n
AA) amino acids<\/p>\n
BCKA) acid amin m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ceto<\/p>\n
GlcN) 6-P, glucosamine-6-phosphate; GS-NO) glutathione\u2013nitric oxide<\/p>\n
KG) -ketoglutarate<\/p>\n
LOO) lipid peroxyl radical<\/p>\n
LOOH) lipid hydroperoxide<\/p>\n
NAC) N-acetylcysteine<\/p>\n
OTC) L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate<\/p>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Glutathione trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd<\/h2>\n
Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a.<\/h3>\n
$\"Glutathion$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Glutathione l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p da nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
G\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. Glutathione l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean GSH \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong b\u1ec7nh gan<\/h3>\n
$\"Glutathion$
\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Glutathion b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam gan, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan. GSH trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan. Glutathione \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh gan m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u0103m 2017 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng glutathione c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng do r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a glutathione \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng do r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ALT c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng glutathione trong v\u00f2ng 4 th\u00e1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, triglyceride, acid b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng ester h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ferritin c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng glutathion.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m Insulin<\/h3>\n
T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng insulin l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2. Insulin l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n glucose t\u1eeb m\u00e1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2018 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng insulin th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glutathione th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh, b\u1ec7nh v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi m\u1eafc (DM) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb GSH \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng IGT (suy gi\u1ea3m dung n\u1ea1p glucose) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a oxy c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1edfi v\u00ec GSH l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t GSH l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t GSH \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. Glutathion c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1edbi Insulin, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh Parkinson<\/h3>\n
$\"Glutathion$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Glutathion c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh Parkinson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glutathion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh Parkinson. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 GSH gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh sinh PD (parkinson disease). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH trong n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh Parkinson c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00eam. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 GSH (th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf nano trong liposome v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nano), ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 GSH.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho b\u1ec7nh Parkinson. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 L-dopa. L-dopa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m entacapone (m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf COMT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Stalevo\u00ae), cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, Methionine, acid lipoic, acid caffeic v\u00e0 Carnosine. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p L-dopa v\u1edbi GSH, GSH ngo\u1ea1i sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n Parkinson.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb Parkinson hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c protein \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u, qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o m\u00e1u n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 protein kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c enzyme \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong n\u00e3o. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh GSH v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a enzym.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch GSH v\u00e0o 9 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc Parkinson kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m 42% so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 2 th\u00e1ng 4 th\u00e1ng sau khi ng\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean 21 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch GSH kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 GSH trong n\u00e3o. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u00f3m hydrosunfua (-HS) v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed L-dopa \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dopamine l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 2,2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 GSH g\u1ea5p 1,4 l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung GSH b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng da<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2017 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng da c\u1ee7a GSH \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u 500 mg\/ng\u00e0y. Theo nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng glutathion \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng 12 tu\u1ea7n gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 melanin (s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 da), s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1m UV tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m placebo. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung glutathion cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng da, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a da, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung tu\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u00eam lo\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng.<\/h3>\n
Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00eam kh\u00e1c, vi\u00eam \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 stress. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u0103m 2003 cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ed5 sung glutathion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft \u1edf chu\u1ed9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a glutathione \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u00eam lo\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ph\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 k\u1ec9 (ASD)<\/h3>\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 glutathione th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n kinh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7. N\u0103m 2011, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed5 sung glutathione \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc ASD n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung glutathione v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung glutathione \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng glutathione c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0. Khi thi\u1ebfu GSH, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 GSH\/GSSG, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 GSH t\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng oxy h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a glutathione. N-acetylcystein (NAC; Mucomyst) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 GSH tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 YM737, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a GSH, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean so v\u1edbi NAC. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 GSH kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 S-nitrosoglutathione thay th\u1ebf cysteine. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau S-glutathionylation c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m trung gian t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua S -glutathionylation, NOV-002 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pha III \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pha II trong ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. NOV-002 v\u00e0 S-glutathionylation \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh, s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o myeloid v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cyclophosphamide trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng glutathion l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u, 1 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a glutathion trong ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m glutathione<\/h2>\n
Glutathione d\u1ea1ng ti\u00eam<\/h3>\n
Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c glutathione d\u1ea1ng ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi 2 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 600mg v\u00e0 1200mg nh\u01b0 Gluthion 600mg<\/a>, Gluthion 1200mg<\/a> c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c Medlac s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t,\u00a0\u00a0thu\u1ed1c\u00a0 Pomulin<\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Oriental Chemical \u2013 \u0110\u00e0i Loan,\u00a0thu\u1ed1c\u00a0 Tad 600<\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Biomedica Foscama Industria Chimico Farmaceutica S.P.A \u2013 \u00dd,\u00a0\u00a0thu\u1ed1c\u00a0 Glutaone 600<\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi C\u00d4NG TY C\u1ed4 PH\u1ea6N D\u01af\u1ee2C \u2013 TRANG THI\u1ebeT B\u1eca Y T\u1ebe B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH.<\/p>\n
Glutaxim (NOV 002)<\/h3>\n
$\"glutaxim\"$
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Glutaxim<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng; \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 suy t\u1ee7y, vi\u00eam gan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh (B v\u00e0 C); ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt; \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
Glutathion 6X (BioActive Nutritional)- dailymed<\/h3>\n
Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, \u0111au c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111au, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Glutathion 5X (Energique, Inc)-dailymed<\/h3>\n
Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n
1. Honda Y, Kessoku T, Sumida Y, Kobayashi T, Kato T, Ogawa Y, Nakajima A (2017), \u201cEfficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study\u201d, <\/em>BMC Gastroenterology, <\/em>17(1)<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28789631<\/a><\/p>\n
2.\u00a0 https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/search.cfm?query=glutathione<\/a> (truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 30\/06\/2019)<\/p>\n
3. Kalkan I. H, Suher M (2013), \u201cThe relationship between the level of glutathione, impairment of glucose metabolism and complications of diabetes mellitus\u201d, <\/em>Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, <\/em>29(4).<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24353663<\/a><\/p>\n
4. Kern J.K, Geier D.A, Adams J.B, Garver C.R, Audhya T, Geier M.R (2011), \u201cA clinical trial of glutathione supplementation in autism spectrum disorders.\u201d, <\/em>Medical Science Monitor, 17(12).<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22129897<\/a><\/p>\n
5. Smeyne M, Smeyne R. J (2013), \u201cGlutathione metabolism and Parkinson\u2019s disease\u201d, <\/em>Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 62, 13\u201325.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23665395<\/a><\/p>\n
6. Traverso N, Ricciarelli R, Nitti M, Marengo B, Furfaro A.L, Pronzato M.A, Domenicotti C (2013), \u201cRole of Glutathione in Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance.\u201d, <\/em>Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2013, 1\u201310.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2013\/972913<\/a><\/p>\n
7. Weschawalit S, Thongthip S, Phutrakool P, Asawanonda P (2017), \u201cGlutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects.\u201d, <\/em>Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, Volume 10, 147\u2013153.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28490897<\/a><\/p>\n
8. Wu G, Fang Y.Z, Yang S, Lupton J.R, Turner N.D (2004),\u00a0\u201cGlutathione Metabolism and Its Implications for Health\u201d, <\/em>The Journal of Nutrition, 134(3), 489\u2013492.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14988435<\/a><\/p>\n
9.\u00a0 drugbank.ca\/drugs\/DB05393<\/a> (truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 30\/06\/2019)<\/p>\n
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Glutathione l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Glutathione (GSH) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tripeptid c\u1ee7a acid glutamic, cystein v\u00e0 glycin. Nh\u00f3m SH c\u1ee7a cystein trong GSH c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m cho \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng. GSH t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ea7u k\u1ebft c\u00e1c […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12708"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12708\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vnras.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}